Effectiveness of Methanol Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf as Antibacterial Drug to Bacterial Triggers of Urinary Tract Infections In vitro
Evy Suryani Arodes *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Jap Mai Cing
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Fransiska Sitompul
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Linggom Kurniaty
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Lusia Sri Sunarti
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Forman Erwin Siagian
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. This study aimed to measure the lowest concentration of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf that did not show any growth of the tested microorganisms.
Methods: The antibacterial activity test was adapted from the CLSI broth microdilution assay, with minor modifications, were used for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera extracts against tested bacteria. Three concentrations higher than the MIC standard were cultured on the MHA. The lowest concentration on agar which was not found any growth of the bacterial colonies was determined as the MBC.
Results: The antibacterial activity test results showed that Moringa leaf extract could inhibit bacterial growth. Inhibition of bacterial growth based on extract concentration. For E. coli bacteria, the results showed the highest absorbance value at 100mg/ml concentration (2.86±0.02); even when diluted to 3,13 mg/ml (1.08±0.01), the moringa leaf extracts could inhibit the E. coli growth, although the value did not differ greatly from that of the negative control (0.13±0.06). The same as E. coli, the antibacterial activity test results showed that moringa leaf extract could inhibit others bacteria growth of UTIs.
Conclusions: Methanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf can inhibit and bactericide the growth of urinary tract infections bacteria.
Keywords: Urinary tract infections, Moringa oleifera Lam, minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration