https://www.journaljocamr.com/index.php/JOCAMR <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research (ISSN: 2456-6276)</strong> aims to publish high quality papers (<a href="/index.php/JOCAMR/general-guideline-for-authors">Click here for Types of paper</a>) in the areas of Complementary, Alternative and Integrative medical research. By not excluding papers based on novelty, this journal facilitates the research and wishes to publish papers as long as they are technically correct and scientifically motivated. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer-reviewed, open-access INTERNATIONAL journal.</p> SCIENCEDOMAIN international en-US Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 2456-6276 https://www.journaljocamr.com/index.php/JOCAMR/article/view/767 <p>Anxiety disorders represent one of the most prevalent categories of mental illness worldwide, and pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments, while effective, remain inaccessible or unacceptable to a substantial proportion of affected individuals. Yoga and pranayama, mind–body practices rooted in South Asian contemplative traditions, have attracted sustained scientific interest as adjunctive or standalone interventions for anxiety. This review synthesises physiological, neurobiological and clinical evidence on the anxiolytic potential of yoga-based postural practice and pranayama-based breath regulation. Mechanistic pathways considered include autonomic nervous system modulation, the vagal–gamma-aminobutyric acid theory, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis regulation, and the neural correlates proposed to underlie these effects. Clinical evidence is reviewed across generalised anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, perinatal anxiety, occupational stress and sleep-related contexts, alongside comparative trials against cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness-based programmes. The available literature indicates that structured yoga and pranayama interventions produce measurable reductions in anxiety symptoms across diverse populations, with a favourable safety profile, though methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes and inconsistent reporting of intervention components limit the strength of causal inference. In the most rigorously controlled head-to-head evidence, yoga has shown efficacy relative to inactive or educational controls but has not been established as equivalent to first-line cognitive behavioural therapy. Dose, breathing component and instructor qualification appear to moderate outcomes, though evidence for precise dose–response relationships remains preliminary. The review concludes with directions for methodologically rigorous future research, overall conclusions regarding clinical utility, and a candid appraisal of the limitations inherent to this body of work and to the present review itself.</p> Gajanan Shripad Kulkarni Amol Dhulgonda Patil Copyright (c) 2026 Author(s). The licensee is the journal publisher. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2026-07-13 2026-07-13 27 8 1 13 10.9734/jocamr/2026/v27i8767